How to BINARY CONVERTOR IN C++ ?

#include
using namespace std;
#include
#include

char *entry, letter, choice[2];
int ascii, len, binary[8], total;
void prog();

int main()
{
prog();
return 0;
}

void prog()
{
entry = new char[501];
/* entry should be dynamic, otherwise a new
string entry of 501 chars would be created
each time function is called!
Talk about memory hog! */
cout<<"Enter string to convert (up to 500 chars): "; cin.getline(entry, 500); len = strlen(entry); /* get the number of characters in entry. */ /* this loop is executed for each letter in the string. */ for(int i = 0; i0) /* This while loop converts the ASCII # into binary,
stores it backwards into the binary array. */
{
/* To get the binary code one must take the decimal number in
question, take it and divide it by two repeatedly, save
the remainder (which will become the binary number), save
the whole number, divide by two, and repeat the whole
process until 0 is reached. This if-else statement serves
this functionality, by getting the remainder of the ascii
code, storing it in the array and then dividing the int
ascii by two */
if((ascii%2)==0)
{
binary[total] = 0;
ascii = ascii/2;
total++; /* increasing by one each time will yeild the
number of numbers in the array. */
}
else
{
binary[total] = 1;
ascii = ascii/2;
total++;
}
}
total--; /* due to data type factors, the program will actually
add a 0 at the end of the array that is not supposed
to be there, decrementing total will solve this
problem, as that 0 will not be displayed. */
/* this while loop displays the binary code for that letter. */
while(total>=0)
{
cout<
total--;
}
}
delete[] entry; /* free up the memory used by entry */
cout<<<"Do again(1 = yes, 2= no)?: "; cin.getline(choice,3); if(choice[0] == '1') prog(); /* program is recursive, it calls itself. It's kinda like a function loop of sorts. */ else exit(0); /* quits the program */ } source: www.cplusplus.com

HOW TO SELECT A LANGUAGE FOR CODING AN APPLICATION

One is often faced with the situation of selecting a programming language, out of the many options available for coding an application. The following factors generally influence the selection process:

• Nature of the application: The language should be suitable for the application area. For example, FORTRAN is suitable for scientific and engineering applications, while COBOL is suitable for business applications.
• Familiarity with the language: If there are multiple languages, which are found suitable for the application area, the language selected should be one that is best known to the programmers who are going to code the application.
  
• Easy of learning the language: If there are multiple languages, which are found suitable for the application area, and if the programmers are not familiar with any of them, the language, which is easier to learn and use, should be selected.
  
• Availability of programme development tools: Before selecting a language, one must also find out whether the language is well supported wtih good programme development tools like compiler, interpreter, debugger, linker etc. The time and effort needed for coding the application can be greatly reduced, if the selected language is supported with good programme development tools.
• Names, how to designe the GUI for the software, how and up to what detail to include comments in programme code, and what diagrams, charts, reports, outputs, etc. Necessary for documentation to be complete successully.

Souce: Computer Fundaments (III Edition)

Windows START Command Use through DOS Prompt

Starts a separate window to run a specified program or command.

START ["title"] [/Dpath] [/I] [/MIN] [/MAX] [/SEPARATE | /SHARED]
[/LOW | /NORMAL | /HIGH | /REALTIME | /ABOVENORMAL | /BELOWNORMAL]
[/WAIT] [/B] [command/program]
[parameters]

"title" Title to display in window title bar.
path Starting directory
B Start application without creating a new window. The
application has ^C handling ignored. Unless the application
enables ^C processing, ^Break is the only way to interrupt
the application
I The new environment will be the original environment passed
to the cmd.exe and not the current environment.
MIN Start window minimized
MAX Start window maximized
SEPARATE Start 16-bit Windows program in separate memory space
SHARED Start 16-bit Windows program in shared memory space
LOW Start application in the IDLE priority class
NORMAL Start application in the NORMAL priority class
HIGH Start application in the HIGH priority class
REALTIME Start application in the REALTIME priority class
ABOVENORMAL Start application in the ABOVENORMAL priority class
BELOWNORMAL Start application in the BELOWNORMAL priority class
WAIT Start application and wait for it to terminate
command/program
If it is an internal cmd command or a batch file then
the command processor is run with the /K switch to cmd.exe.
This means that the window will remain after the command
has been run.

If it is not an internal cmd command or batch file then
it is a program and will run as either a windowed application
or a console application.

parameters These are the parameters passed to the command/program


If Command Extensions are enabled, external command invocation
through the command line or the START command changes as follows:

non-executable files may be invoked through their file association just
by typing the name of the file as a command. (e.g. WORD.DOC would
launch the application associated with the .DOC file extension).
See the ASSOC and FTYPE commands for how to create these
associations from within a command script.

When executing an application that is a 32-bit GUI application, CMD.EXE
does not wait for the application to terminate before returning to
the command prompt. This new behavior does NOT occur if executing
within a command script.

When executing a command line whose first token is the string "CMD "
without an extension or path qualifier, then "CMD" is replaced with
the value of the COMSPEC variable. This prevents picking up CMD.EXE
from the current directory.

When executing a command line whose first token does NOT contain an
extension, then CMD.EXE uses the value of the PATHEXT
environment variable to determine which extensions to look for
and in what order. The default value for the PATHEXT variable
is:

.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD

Notice the syntax is the same as the PATH variable, with
semicolons separating the different elements.

When searching for an executable, if there is no match on any extension,
then looks to see if the name matches a directory name. If it does, the
START command launches the Explorer on that path. If done from the
command line, it is the equivalent to doing a CD /D to that path.

Some Excel Tricks

• Generate Random Numbers
  Need to create random numbers? You can do it in Excel.
  To generate a number between 0 and 1, type =RAND() in a cell.
  To generate a number between 1 and 100, type =RAND()*100.
  After entering, use the fill handle to quickly populate as many cells with random numbers as needed. To use the fill handle, click the cell, move your pointer over the lower-right corner of the cell until it turns into a black plus sign, and drag it horizontally or vertically across the cells you wish to populate. The cells can then be formatted as desired.
  
• No Formula, Please
  When copying and pasting a cell that contains a formula, use the Paste Special feature. First, copy the cell (Edit...Copy). Next click in the desired location and click Edit...Paste Special. Choose Values to copy the number only and not the formula.
  
• Insert Time/Date in Excel
  Try these keyboard shortcuts to insert the time/date in an Excel spreadsheet:
  Current date: Press CTRL+SEMICOLON
  Current time: Press CTRL+SHIFT+ SEMICOLON
  Current date and time: Press CTRL+ SEMICOLON then SPACE then CTRL+SHIFT+ SEMICOLON

• Hide Worksheets in Excel 2002
  To hide Excel worksheets to prevent unwanted changes, Select the worksheet, click Format...Sheet...Hide.
  
• Color-Coding Excel Sheet Tabs in Excel 2002
  In Excel 2002, color-code sheet tabs for easier identification or grouping.
  Select the sheet(s) by holding down the CTRL key and clicking the tabs.
  Click Format...Sheet...Tab Color. You can also right-click the sheet tab and choose
  click Tab Color.
  
• Pasting an Excel Table and Its Formatting into Word
  In Excel, select the table and click Edit..Copy. Switch to Word, and click where the table will be located. Click Edit...Paste. Using the Paste Options smart tag, select one of the following options: To keep the formatting, select Keep Source Formatting. To automatically keep data updated as it is updated in Excel, select Keep Source Formatting and Link to Excel. To match the style of another table in the Word document, select Match Destination Table Style. To link the table instead of copying it, select Match Destination Table Style and Link to Excel.
  
• Go To
  To search for specific cells, such as ones that have formulas or ones that just contain values, use the Go To feature. Click Edit...Go to...and choose the desired feature.
  
• Shortcut Keys
  To see a complete list of shortcut keys in Excel, press F1 on the keyboard and type shortcut keys in the search box.
  
• Customizing Toolbars
  Right-click on any toolbars and click the customize the toolbar. Click the Command tab, select the desired category, and click and drag new features from the right command box to the toolbar.
  
• Quick Graphs
  Want to create a quick graph? Click anyway in the Excel data on the spreadsheet, press F11 key and presto! Right-click in the graph border to change the type, location, or data.
  
• Basic Keyboard Shortcuts
  F1 Help
  F2 Edit current Cell
  F5 Goto
  F7 Spell Check
  F12 Save file as
  CTRL + A Select entire worksheet.
  CTRL + B Toggle Bold Text.
  CTRL + C Copies the item or items selected to the Clipboard and can be pasted using CTRL + V.
  CTRL + F Displays the Find dialog box.
  CTRL + H Displays the Replace dialog box

What are the Advantages and Limitations of Multiprocessing

Multiprocessing systems typically have the following advantages:

• Better Performance. Due to multiplicity of processors, multiprocessor systems have better performance (shorter responses times and higher throughput) than single+processor systems. For example, if there are two different programs to be run, two processors are evidently more powerful than one because the programs can be simultaneously run on different processors. Furthermore, if a particular computation can be partitioned into a number of sub-computations that can run concurrently, in a multiprocessor system, all the sub-computations can be simultaneously run, with each one on a difference processor (popularly known as parallel processing)
• Better Reliability. Due to multiplicity of processors, multiprocessor system also have better reliability than single-processor systems. In a properly designed multiprocessor system, if one of the processors breaks down, the other processor(s) automatically takes over the system workload until repairs are made. Hence, a complete breakdown of such systems can be avoided.

Multiprocessing system, however, require a very sophisticated operating system to schedule, balance, and coordinate the input, output, and processing activities of multiple processors. The design of such an operating system is a complex and time take job. Moreover, multiprocessing systems are expensive to procure and maintain. In condition to the high charge paid initially, the regular operation and maintenance of these systems are also a costly affair.

To see Government Resolutions (Click Here)
To see Table of Summer-2010 (Click Here)
To see Tax Advice (Click Here)
To see Pensioner's Details (Click Here)

Do you know What is Data Processing Concept ?

The following events take place when a computer processes the data.

1. The programme and the necessary data are entered into the Computer System from an input device, and are stored in main memory where they can be accessed as needed.
2. Now, the C.P.U. (Central Processing Unit) retrieves the instructions from the main memory, one by one, and de-codes each instructions to determine what operation to be performed.
3. When required by instructions, the C.P.U. also retrieves the necessary data from main memory.
4. The C.P.U. then performs the operation required by the instruction, which might be arithmetic or logical operation. As each instructions are performed, the results are either temporary saved by the C.P.U. or are stored in memory.
5. The processing Cycle (retrieves instructions, decode and execute instructions, save results) is repeated until all the programme instructions have been carried out by the C.P.U. The final results are then either stored in main memory, or are sent to an output device such as a printer.

• For more information regarding 6th Pay Click Here
• For more information regarding Government Resolution Click here
• For more information regarding Income Tax ITR Click Here
• For more information regarding RTM Nagpur University Click Here
  

Know about Operating System Windows XP

You can install Windows XP Home Edition or Professional in a virtual machine using the corresponding
Windows XP distribution CD. If your VMware product supports it, you can also install from a PXE server.
Fulfill these prerequisites before installing Windows XP:ESX, VMware Workstation, VMware ACE, and GSX Server: To use the virtual BusLogic SCSI adapter in

• Create and configure a new virtual machine
  Consider these support and configuration issues for Windows XP:
  
• a Windows XP virtual machine, you need a special SCSI driver available from the download section of the
  VMware Web site at www.vmware.com/download. Follow the instructions on the Web site to use the
  driver with a fresh installation of Windows XP.
• ESX and GSX Server: If you are using the virtual LSI Logic SCSI adapter in a Windows XP virtual
  machine, download the driver from the download center at the LSI Logic Web site. Go to
  http://www.lsi.com/cm/DownloadSearch.do?locale=EN and download the LSI20320‐R SCSI adapter
  driver for your guest operating system.
• ESX: You can use the vmscsi SCSI driver for the virtual BusLogic SCSI adapter provided on the Windows
  XP Professional floppy image that is included with the ESX software. Although supported by ESX 4.0
  Update 1, the e1000 NIC driver is not provided with the 32‐bit version of Windows XP Professional. For
  support, download the driver from the Intel Web site. See knowledgebase article 1016456
• If you have a virtual machine with a SCSI virtual disk and an earlier Windows guest operating system,
  and want to upgrade the virtual machine to Windows XP, install the new SCSI driver before upgrading
  the operating system.
  

How to Create Graphics Presentation in MS Word

The power graphics is demonstrated through business graphics software in the industry today. Features covered include making presentations and combining information from other application packages such as spreadsheets and databases.

• Start MS Word Applications.
• Set Line Spacing to 1.5 inches.
• Type the above matter in Microsoft Work and save the document in "My Document" folder with any file name.
• Use Universe font and set font size to 16 for title of the document. Underline the title and use Bold style.
• Use Verdena font for subtitles in the document. Set font size to 13 and change found style to italic.
• Use "Print Preview" command to see the preview and change zoom levels.
• Save the Document with file name assignment 2 using Save AS command in the folder of your name. Use Create New Folder Icon to Create New Folder of your name.
• See the Web Page Preview of the Document created by you.
• Use Properties option in File menu and observe the use of this option.
• Use Exit command to exit from Microsoft Word Application.

Sourse: Computer Fundamentls (Acci.-8)